Biology and Biotechnology of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants, Volume 3: Sustainable Approaches for

Enhan

Roychoudhury (Ed.)

© 202

ylor & Francis)

with CRC Press (Ta

nmental Stress Tole

ss, Inc

ca

cing Enviro

4 Apple A

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rance. Aryadeep

. Co-published

CHAPTER 3

Role of Endophytes, Plant Growth

Promoting Rhizobacteria, and

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Stress

Tolerance

ANURON BANERJEE,¹ NIRMALYA CHAKRABORTY,²

KRISHNENDU ACHARYA,² and NILANJAN CHAKRABORTY^1*

1Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata – 700006,

West Bengal, India

2Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory,

Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata – 700019,

West Bengal, India

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Stress is the condition which limits plants growth and exerts adverse effects

on physiology as plants prioritize resistance overgrowth. Continuous climatic

change and increasing environmental pollution introduces different abiotic

and biotic stress in the plants which causes huge economic loss and a threat

to plant biodiversity. In order to survive in stress condition plants, incorpo­

rate different physical, physiological, and molecular strategies that mainly

include phytohormonal regulation and stress-related gene expressions. In

this particular, it was found that plants in association with endophytes, plant

growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

(AMF) exhibited better potential to mitigate stress conditions. Endophytes,